References

The ESS has been cited in several thousand published reports from investigations around the world. Only the references that have been cited in this document are listed below.

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Chan EY, Ng DK, Chan CH, Kwok KL, Chow PY, Cheung JM, Leung SY. Modified Epworth Sleepiness Scale in Chinese children with obstructive sleep apnea: a retrospective study. Sleep Breath, 2009; 13: 59-63.

Chervin RD, Pickett R, Guillemenault C. Comparison of Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Multiple Sleep Latency Test results. Sleep Res, 1995; 24: 466.

Cho YW, Lee JH, Son HK, Lee SH, Shin C, Johns MW. The reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Sleep Breath, 2011; 15: 377-384.

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Hagell P, Broman JE. Measurement properties and hierarchical item structure of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale in Parkinson’s disease. J Sleep Res, 2007; 16: 102-109.

dinge FM, Pitson DJ, Stradling JR. Use of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale to demonstrate response to treatment with nasal continuous positive airways pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apea. Respir Med, 1995; 89: 617-620.

Izci B, Ardic S, Firat H, Sahin A, Altinors M, Karacan I. Reliability and validity studies of the Turkish version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Sleep Breath, 2008; 12: 161-168.

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Janssen KC, Phillipson S, O’Connor J, Johns MW. Validation of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale for Children and Adolescents using Rasch Analysis sleep medicine 2017;33:30-35

Johns MW. A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Sleep, 1991; 14: 50-55.

Johns MW. Reliability and factor analysis of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Sleep, 1992; 15: 376-381.

Johns MW. Sleepiness in different situations measured by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Sleep, 1994; 17: 703-710.

Johns M, Hocking B. Daytime sleepiness and sleep habits of Australian workers. Sleep, 1997; 20: 844-849.

Johns MW. Rethinking the assessment of sleepiness. Sleep Med Rev, 1998; 2: 3-15.

Johns MW. Sensitivity and specificity of the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT), the maintenance of wakefulness test (MWT) and the Epworth sleepiness scale: failure of the MSLT as a gold standard. J Sleep Res, 2000(b); 9: 5-11.

Johns MW. A sleep physiologist’s view of the drowsy driver, Pergamon, Transport research part F, 2000a, pp. 241-249.

Johns MW. Sleep propensity varies with behaviour and the situation in which it is measured: the concept of somnificity. J Sleep Res, 2002; 11: 61-67.

Johns MW. The clinical assessment of daytime sleepiness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. In: Surgery for Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Edit. M Fabiani, Kugler Publications, The Hague, 2003, pp. 283-295.

Johns MW, Chapman R, Crowley K, Tucker A. A new method for assessing the risks of drowsiness while driving. Somnologie, 2008; 12: 66-74.

Johns MW. What is excessive daytime sleepiness? In: Sleep deprivation: Causes, Effects and Treatment. Editors, P Fulke and S Vaughan, Nova Science Inc, New York, 2009, pp. 59-94.

Johns MW. A new perspective on sleepiness. Sleep Biol Rhythm, 2010; 8: 170-179.

Johns M. The assessment of sleepiness in children and adolescents. Sleep Biol Rhythm, 2015; 13 (Suppl 1): 97 (Powerpoint PDF).

Joo S, Shin, C, Kim J, Yi H, Ahn Y, Park M, Kim J, Lee S. Prevalence and correlates of excessive daytime sleepiness in high school students in Korea. Psychiat Clin Neurosci, 2005; 59: 433-440.

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Müller HL, Handwerker G, Wollny B, Faldum A, Sörensen N. Melatonin secretion and increased daytime sleepiness in childhood craniopharyngioma patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2002; 87: 3993-3996.

Parkes J D, Chen S Y, Clift S J, Dahlitz M T, Dunn G. The clinical diagnosis of the narcoleptic syndrome. J Sleep Res, 1998; 7: 41-52.

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Sargento P, Perea V, Ladera V, Lopes P, Oliveira J. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale in Portuguese adults: from classical measurement theory to Rasch model analysis. Sleep Breath, 2015; 19: 693-701.

Shin C, Kim J, Lee S, Ahn Y, Joo S. Sleep habits, excessive daytime sleepiness and school performance in high school students. Psychiat Clin Neurosci, 2003; 57: 451-453.

Snow A, Gozal E, Malhotra A, Tiosano D, Perlman R, Vega C, Shahar E, Gozal D, Hochberg Z, Pillar G. Severe hypersomnolence after pituitary/hypothalamic surgery in adolescents: clinical characteristics and potential mechanisms. Pediatrics, 2002; 110:e74.

Storfer-Isser A, Lebourgeois MK, Harsh J, Tompsett CJ, Redline S. Psychometric properties of the Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale. J Sleep Res, 2013; 22: 707-716.

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